Introduction: On 1st of October 1949,
Chairman of the Communist Party of China, proclaimed the establishment of the
People’s Republic of China. More than one million landlords were killed by the
workers or peasants on the advice of Mao Zedong. In 1966, Mao Zedong started Cultural
Revolution, which lasted until his death in 1976. Cultural Revolution brought
chaos and killings of the Chinese businessmen, landlords and rich people by the
working class. More than 20 million people were killed. People’s liberation
army supported the mass killings by the sponsored worker groups. Propaganda made
by Mao Zedong behind the cultural revolution was that business class wants to
install the capital system in the country and their execution is necessary under
the class struggle. This cultural revolution of Mao Zedong put a great loss to
the China.
After the death of Communist Party of China’s chairman Mao
Zedong, next chairman Den Xiaoping, brought prosperity with his Opening
China strategy.
Political System of China: China is a communist unitary
state. National People’s Congress is the parliament (legislative body)
of the People’s Republic of China, having 2980 members. Candidates are elected
to the National People’s Congress for a term of five years. Congress has the
power to elect and remove the president with majority vote. President is the head
of state, has ceremonial powers only, elected by Congress. President is elected
for five years term, with no limit of renew. National People’s Congress
Standing Committee helps the Congress in legislation. Standing Committee
members are about 175, who are chooses from Congress. During the membership of
Standing Committee, they cannot hold any other officer like executive and
judiciary. Bills and amendments are proposed and made by Standing Committee and
are approved by majority vote in the Congress. Congress has power to revoke the
inappropriate decision of Standing Committee, but it didn’t happen. Hence,
Standing Committee has greater power in legislative process. Premier is
approved by Congress on the nomination by President. Premier has also fiver
year term, only once renew. Premier is the highest civil servant of China.
Premier is not like the PM in Britain or Pakistan, but an administrative post,
wo helps in administrating and organizing the civil bureaucracy of the China,
with the help of State Council (like cabinet). Thus, executive is controlled by
the Congress through premier. According to the Constitution of the China, executive,
legislative, judiciary and military forces are under the head of state, “President”,
who had delegated powers to different branches like premier, Congress, Military
Commission and Chief Justice.
Chinese Communist Party: is the sole political party of the China, runs political affairs of the country along with some other minor parties. Chairman of the party holds the office of the president and is the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. Party has the ideology of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Xi Jinping thought. Party promotes communist ideology with central democracy. Communist party’s top leaders have most of the seats of Standing Committee. This is the 2nd largest party with 95 million (about 1 billion) members after India’s BJP at 1st with 1.8 billion members. To join party, an application is submitted by a candidate, on approval, becomes a member on probation for one year and then becomes regular member. During probation period, member is educated about the ideology and rules of the party. Now membership is awarded mostly to educated and technical persons. Chinese Communist Party has full control over all the political, judicial and military institutes.