Impacts of Crusades:
Pope Urban II encouraged European kings to help the Byzantine Emperor against Muslims and to recover Jerusalem from Muslims. Success of the Crusades in the first attempt for the recovery of the holy land increased the role and powers of Papacy and Kings.
Use of religious cards for political gains reduced the importance of religious pundits, which led to the separation of Church from State in future. This increased the study of science and technology as well as the birth of secularism and liberalism in Europe and preferred to religion.
Created inter-faith disharmony between two Abrahamic religions. Till now both of them have negative views against each other.
Muslims in Spain were crushed and exiled in the Reconquista campaign.
Muslims, who were divided in Abbasid and Fatimid, united against the Crusades. Furthermore, the Ottoman Empire established a series of these incidents.
Muslims perceived their enemy weaker, which resulted in the establishment of the Ottoman Empire covering a great part of Southeast Europe.
East and West learned about each-other. Muslims were advanced in Science & Technology, Medicine, Naval Sciences, Textile and Agriculture. Europe got the benefit of this Muslims advancement. Moreover, art, design, dishes, drinks, dressing, music and life-style was also transferred to each-other. Silk textile was prepared in China and traded through silk road. Abbasids established their own workshops to produce silk textile, especially for the royal family and to gift. After the crusades silk textile production started in Europe. Knowledge to sow sugar-cane plants and to produce sugar was also transferred to Europe via Muslim world. Europe was apprised of spices from Muslim world.
Business and Trade was continuing for a long period but after crusades it increased very much because they became more familiar with each other and their best productions for trade.
Banking system was developed because loans were necessary to bear the heavy expenses of the Crusades.
Religious missionaries were sent from both sides. Muslim missionaries were more successful than that of Christian’s because conversion in Islam was apostasy and tantamount to death.
Muslims perceived these Crusades against Islam and became conservative in securing their religion by making it their first priority. But due to the negative role of the Church and Kings, Christians limited their religion to personal life and made it a private matter, and most of them moved towards secularism and liberalism.
For a short-term Europe escaped Muslim invasion but in long-term Islam propagated very rapidly all over the world.
Impacts of Muslim-Christian Civilizations:
Islam spread to the other parts of the world having an impact on their social, cultural, political, economic, trade and religious factors. During this period Islam and the West had a far reaching impact on the civilizations of each other. Some major impact:
Science: Al-Andalus (Muslims in Spain) was the major hub of science and technology in the world during the golden period of Islam. When Europe (West) was going through the dark ages, Muslim pioneered in Science, Technology, Trade, Calligraphy and Navigational Science. Period between the 8th - 13th century is the climax of Muslim science. Muslim Scientists did their excellence in Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Astronomy, Medicine, etc. House of Wisdom (Grand Library of Baghdad) was a center of learning, where students come from all over the world to learn science and technology. One of the major works at this academy was to translate ancient Greek Sciences into Arabic and then into other languages. Hence, the work of Ancient Greek scientists translated to Europe via Muslim world.
Technology: Muslims traders and army ruled over oceans and used the latest navigational technology. Technology related to Textile, gun-powder, navigation and paper-making was transferred from China to Europe via Muslim world.
Art: Calligraphy is an art to write Quranic verses in a stylish way, which was introduced in the West with little modification. Construction designing with the help of Mathematics was also transferred to Europe. While, negative trends emerged in Muslim world as a direct impact of the West; Alcohol, smoking, dance, music, etc.
Politics: During the Crusades, Islamic political system was exposed to the non-Muslims of Europe. They learn that even a ruler of Muslims is answerable before court if he violates the rights of a common man. Moreover, they studied the objectives of the Islamic Sharia; Right to life, property, religion, lineage and wisdom. In response to the demands of human rights in the Islamic world by the western people, the first Bill of Rights "Magna Carta" was signed as a catalyst to future movements of rights in the West. Moreover, Islam gifted the administrative and judicial system to the West. On the other hand, the West has had a negative impact on Islamic world, which transferred from the Caliphate to liberal democratic political system.
Religion: Last but most importantly, the West has a very negative impact on Islam as a religion. Western people inclined towards liberalism, secularism and atheism due to the negative role of Pop in the name of religion for their self interest. Moreover, the West has had a negative impact on Islam and some negative trends emerged in Islamic world; atheism, secularism, liberalism, materialism, etc. Muslims prioritized; science over religion, materialism over spiritualism, modernism over simplicity, etc. Notwithstanding the above mentioned negative impacts by the West, the majority in Islamic world has preserved their religious identity and Islam is propagating all over the world.