Republic of India is a Federal Parliamentary Constitutional Republic. Current Constitution of India was ratified by the Constituent Assembly on 26.09.1949 and enforced on 26.01.1950 which repealed the Government of India Act, 1935. It is impossible for the parliament to override it because it was created by Constitutional Assembly rather than Parliament. It is the most lengthy Constitution in the world. Nehru Report 1928 is a part of the Constitution.
The President is the head of the state, whereas the PM is the head of the government. Moreover, the judiciary is independent.
Parliament of India consists of two chambers:
Rajya Sabha (Upper House): Term: 6 Years. Seats: 250 (238 elected by state legislatures and 12 nominated by the President).
Lok Sabha (Lower House): Term: 5 Years. Seats: 543 (India is divided into 543 constituencies).
Cabinet (Council of the Ministers) is the main executive body, which is chaired by the Prime Minister and consists of the ministers of the executive bodies.
Election of the President: The electoral college comprises the Parliament and the state assemblies.
Election of the Prime Minister: The President appoints the Prime Minister. The PM is mostly from Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha. Moreover, he could be chosen from outside the Parliament, but he has to join either of the Houses within six months. However, the PM could be dismissed by the President or through vote of no confidence.
Law Making Process:
A money bill can only be generate in Lok Sabha. It is sent to Rajya Sabha for recommendations only, to which Lok Sabha is not bound. Then President's assent made it an act. Budget is also presented and passed in Lok Sabha.
Any non-money bill can be originated in either house. It has several stages; First Reading, Publication in the Official Gazette, Standing Committee, Second Reading, Third Reading and assent of the President. If either house sends amends the bill and the other doesn't accept this amendment, bill moves between two houses several times. This deadlock sometimes end in a joint session. Moreover, Lok Sabha has an upper hand over Rajya Sabha because of its numbers. Then it becomes act of parliament after President assent. The President can reject bill through Absolute Veto, or keep pending for an unlimited time period, or send back to the Parliament for reconsideration, to which he has to approve.
Impeachment of the President: Both of the houses can impeach President with 2/3rd majority in both of the houses.
Amendment in the Constitution of India:
An amendment bill can be originate in either house of the parliament. After 2/3rd majority in both the house it goes for Presidential assent, to which he cannot veto. Moreover, there is no joint session in case of disagreement between both the houses.